Sources for PepSync calculator and guide content.

Supports cautious language around sterile needles, syringes, medication vials, and contamination prevention.

Supports general peptide handling, lyophilized storage, solution stability, and moisture sensitivity context.

Supports the description of bacteriostatic water as sterile water containing benzyl alcohol preservative.

Provides peer-reviewed context on benzyl alcohol-preserved saline and bacteriostatic properties.

Supports the importance of clear mg, mL, and unit conversion around vial-based products.

Supports U-100 syringe marking context, including standard insulin syringe volumes and labeling.

Supports the definition of U-100 as 100 units/mL in a medication-label context.

Supports the distinction between expiration dates and beyond-use dates for compounded preparations.

Supports pharmacy-led BUD assignment and conservative source-label guidance.

Supports caution around compounded injectable products, multiple-dose vials, and unit measurement errors.

Authoritative tirzepatide dosing, titration, and storage reference.

Authoritative semaglutide dosing, titration schedule, and storage reference.

Peer-reviewed efficacy data for retatrutide; the dose ranges studied inform what is realistic to track.

Tirzepatide for weight management: start at 2.5 mg weekly, increase in 2.5 mg steps after at least 4 weeks, maintenance 5, 10 or 15 mg, maximum 15 mg.

Tirzepatide for type 2 diabetes: 2.5 mg for 4 weeks, then 5 mg, then 2.5 mg steps after at least 4 weeks on each dose, maximum 15 mg.

Semaglutide for weight management: 0.25 mg weekly for 4 weeks, then 4-week steps through 0.5, 1 and 1.7 mg to the 2.4 mg maintenance dose.

Semaglutide for type 2 diabetes: 0.25 mg for 4 weeks, then 0.5 mg, then optional steps to 1 mg and 2 mg after at least 4 weeks on each dose.

Daily dose escalation 0.6 → 3.0 mg; pen strength 6 mg/mL (18 mg/3 mL).

Weekly retatrutide groups of 1, 4, 8 and 12 mg; the 12 mg group started at 2 mg and the 4 and 8 mg groups at 2 or 4 mg.

Phase 3 design: fixed dose escalation over 16 weeks to weekly maintenance doses of 4, 9 or 12 mg.

Phase 3 trial of subcutaneous elamipretide at 40 mg a day for 24 weeks; it did not improve the primary outcomes.

Review of the peptide's cardiolipin-binding mechanism and the conditions it has been studied in.

Mouse colitis models; the evidence for KPV is preclinical, with no completed human efficacy trials.

Oral nanoparticle delivery of KPV in mice, the basis for oral KPV products.

Review of BPC-157 mechanisms in inflammation and tissue healing contexts.

Reference review covering BPC-157's reported physiological effects.

Reference review on thymosin beta-4 mechanisms relevant to repair contexts.

Background review on thymosin beta-4 in wound and tissue repair.

Foundational pharmacokinetic data for CJC-1295.

Background reference on ipamorelin as a selective GHRH secretagogue.

2 mg vial mixed with 0.5 mL sterile water; 1.4 mg once daily; inject immediately after mixing.

11.6 mg vial mixed with 1.3 mL bacteriostatic water (8 mg/mL); 1.28 mg once daily; discard 7 days after mixing.

Manufacturer guidance: reconstitute with 100 mM acetic acid to 1 mg/mL.

Lyophilised from 0.1 M acetic acid; reconstitute in 10 mM HCl to 1 mg/mL; store frozen.

4 mg under the skin once daily for 28 days (Dahan et al.).

4 mg self-injected under the skin daily for 28 days, 0.5 mL per injection (Brines et al.).

Phase 2b: 1, 4 or 8 mg a day vs placebo for 28 days; only 4 mg reached significance (Culver et al.).

5,000 and 10,000 USP unit vials supplied with 10 mL bacteriostatic water; refrigerate after mixing and use within 30 days.

10,000 USP unit vial; add 1–10 mL of the supplied solvent; stable 60 days refrigerated after mixing.

hCG is an option for men with testosterone deficiency who want to preserve fertility (conditional recommendation).

500 IU every other day alongside TRT in a small retrospective series (Hsieh et al.).

5 mg vial = 15 IU; 6, 12 and 24 mg cartridges = 18, 36 and 72 IU (3 IU per mg).

Reconstituted cartridges with preserved diluent: refrigerate, up to 28 days.

First human study: peripheral kisspeptin raises LH, FSH and testosterone; context for the compound, not a dosing source.

Recent controlled human administration study of reproductive-hormone effects.

Preclinical study of the kisspeptin-10 fragment sold in research vials.

Mechanism background for Semax; preclinical.

Review of Selank's proposed mechanisms.

Clinical comparison from Russia, where Selank is approved; context only.

Supports cautious wording around melanocytic lesion changes reported after Melanotan 2 use in a case report.

Supports cautious wording that adverse event reports exist for melanotan II use.